ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The spread of pandemic Staphylococcus aureus clones, mainly methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), must be kept under surveillance to assemble an accurate, local epidemiological analysis. In Ecuador, the prevalence of the USA300 Latin American variant clone (USA300-LV) is well known; however, there is little information about other circulating clones. The aim of this work was to identify the sequence types (ST) using a Multiple-Locus Variable number tandem repeat Analysis 14-locus genotyping approach. We analyzed 132 S. aureus strains that were recovered from 2005 to 2013 and isolated in several clinical settings in Quito, Ecuador. MRSA isolates composed 46.97% (62/132) of the study population. Within MRSA, 37 isolates were related to the USA300-LV clone (ST8-MRSA-IV, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin [PVL] +) and 10 were related to the Brazilian clone (ST239-MRSA-III, PVL−). Additionally, two isolates (ST5-MRSA-II, PVL−) were related to the New York/Japan clone. One isolate was related to the Pediatric clone (ST5-MRSA-IV, PVL−), one isolate (ST45-MRSA-II, PVL−) was related to the USA600 clone, and one (ST22-MRSA-IV, PVL−) was related to the epidemic UK-EMRSA-15 clone. Moreover, the most prevalent MSSA sequence types were ST8 (11 isolates), ST45 (8 isolates), ST30 (8 isolates), ST5 (7 isolates) and ST22 (6 isolates). Additionally, we found one isolate that was related to the livestock associated S. aureus clone ST398. We conclude that in addition to the high prevalence of clone LV-ST8-MRSA-IV, other epidemic clones are circulating in Quito, such as the Brazilian, Pediatric and New York/Japan clones. The USA600 and UK-EMRSA-15 clones, which were not previously described in Ecuador, were also found. Moreover, we found evidence of the presence of the livestock associated clone ST398 in a hospital environment.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Bacterial Toxins/genetics , Exotoxins/genetics , Leukocidins/genetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/classification , DNA, Bacterial , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Virulence Factors/genetics , Ecuador , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/classification , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Multilocus Sequence Typing , GenotypeABSTRACT
Se estudiaron las características psicológicas y sociodemográficas en una muestra de adolescentes embarazadas, escolarizadas de 13 a 18 años de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Se recolectaron datos primarios a través de la administración de una encuesta con el objetivo de analizar, relacionar y comparar la relación entre la utilización de métodos anticonceptivos y la información y formación sexual recibidas. Los datos se analizaron con los estadísticos Chi-cuadrado (prueba de Mantel-Haenszel), Test de probabilidad exacta de Fisher y V de Cramer. La información recibida no incidiría en la utilización de métodos de control de la natalidad y cuidado de la salud en las jóvenes con antecedentes de aborto.